Details of the legend of the Unknown Scout, whose simple kindness inspired the launch of the Boy Scouts of America, are a bit foggy, like the weather in London, where the story took place in 1909.
American newspaperman and world traveler W.D. Boyce, in London during a stopover on his way to Africa, lost his way. As the story goes, a young boy helped him along, and when Boyce offered him a tip, the boy declined, explaining it was his job to help as a member of the Boy Scout Association.
Intrigued, Boyce went to the Scout headquarters and picked up a copy of the organization's manual, Scouting For Boys. With the group's permission, he used the manual as a model for Boy Scouts of America, which he founded on Feb. 8, 1910, to foster character development, citizenship training and personal fitness.
It took a while to get off the ground, but the Boy Scouts eventually grew to be the largest youth organization in the United States. Today it has more than 2.9 million youth members, led by more than 1 million adults.
Boy Scouts is open to boys aged 7 to 17, who can work their way through the ranks from Bobcat to Eagle Scout. New members have to learn the proper salute and memorize the Scout Oath and Law.
Fewer than 5 percent of Boy Scouts achieve the rank of Eagle Scout, earning at least 21 merit badges along the way. The first Eagle Scout received his badge in 1912; the 2 millionth Eagle Scout was pinned in June 2009.
Neil Armstrong, Willie Banks, Michael Bloomberg, Bill Bradley, Michael Dukakis, Gerald Ford, Bill Gates, Robert Gates, J. Willard Marriott, Ross Perot, Donald Rumsfeld, William Sessions and John Tesh all achieved the rank of Eagle Scout.
The merit badge program has evolved, adding new fields of expertise and dropping others. For the 100th anniversary, Boy Scouts has brought back four historical badges, which can only be earned in 2010: signaling, tracking, pathfinding and carpentry.
The first Boy Scouts Pinewood Derby was held in 1953. The weight limit on a car for the competition was 5 ounces.
Norman Rockwell's first magazine job was as illustrator for Boys' Life, which became the official Boy Scouts magazine. Rockwell was 18 when he was hired, and though he later had other jobs, he produced 54 cover illustrations for Boys' Life over 58 years.
The Boy Scouts faced competition from a number of groups, including William Randolph Hearst's militaristic United States Boy Scouts. In 1916, that group was put out of business by an act of Congress.
As America headed into World War I, Boy Scouts sold more than $355 million worth of Liberty Loan bonds and war savings stamps.
Membership in the Boy Scouts peaked in the 1950s at more than 3 million boys. During that decade, Scouts collected 2 million pounds of clothing for domestic and foreign relief and distributed 30 million doorknob hangers as part of a get-out-the-vote campaign.
One of Boy Scouts founder W. D. Boyce's grandsons, William Boyce Mueller, an openly gay man, founded a group of gay former scouts called Forgotten Scouts in 1991. He said his grandfather would not have wanted to see him excluded from Scouting because of his sexual orientation. In the early 2000s, the Boy Scouts revised their rules to ban openly gay leaders. Because the Boy Scouts did not submit a nondiscrimination policy, the United Way of the Greater Triangle cut its funding to the Boy Scouts in 2003.
In 2009, the Occoneechee Council of the Boy Scouts awarded 414 young men their Eagle Scout rank, a record number for a single year for the council. Occoneechee covers 12 counties and has its headquarters in Raleigh.
Girl Scouts, a comparable group for girls, was founded in 1912 and claims 3.4 million members throughout the United States and in more than 90 countries.
