A rising backlash to revelations of widespread National Security Agency surveillance takes many forms:

— Encryption programs for email, Internet browsers, texting, instant messaging and other communications that encode messages so they appear garbled to eavesdroppers.

— Disruptive campaigns that insert words like "anthrax" or "Taliban" in various digital communications to degrade the effectiveness of surveillance programs that search for red-flag words.

— Cryptoparties are social gatherings where hosts teach attendees, who bring digital devices, how to use encryption programs.

— Petitions and rallies demanding Congress and the Obama administration to rein in government surveillance.

— Political reforms aimed to add privacy protections and boost oversight of government surveillance practices.