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Dr. Selene Parekh, an orthopedic surgeon at UNC-Chapel Hill, said the issue of dehydration crops up often during summer training.
"It plagued the NFL a decade ago," Parekh said, referring to instances of professional football players getting sick during summer practices. "I think it's a matter, especially with football players, of being jocks, or tough. I don't know if they think it's a sign of weakness getting water. It's hard to know where the breakdown is happening."
But, Parekh said, both coaches and athletes should be vigilant for the signs of dehydration, which occur in degrees of intensity.
EARLY SIGNS OF DEHYDRATION INCLUDE: thirst; loss of appetite; dry skin; flushed, red skin; fatigue, weakness, dry mouth and headache.
IF DEHYDRATION PERSISTS, IT CAN LEAD TO: increased heart rate, increased respiration, decreased sweating, extreme fatigue, muscle cramps and core body temperature increase.
IN ITS LATER STAGES, DEHYDRATION CAUSES: muscle spasms, vomiting, vision changes, mental status changes, confusion and seizures.
HOW TO AVOID DEHYDRATION
The American College of Sports Medicine makes the following recommendations for athletes training in heat:
-Drink to match fluid Loss. Appropriate fluid intake -- before, during and after exercise -- is important to help regulate body temperature and replace fluids lost in sweat. Dr. Selene Parekh, at UNC-CH, suggests taking in a liter of fluid, preferably water, each hour.
-Drink early and often. Don't wait until you're thirsty and then gulp gallons. Drinking over a set period of time is more effective for complete rehydration as rapid replacement of fluid stimulates increased urine production, reducing body water retention.
-Consume salty foods and beverages. Foods and beverages with sodium help promote fluid retention and stimulate fluid intake.
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